Fuel Cell Systems for Maritime: A Review of Research Development, Commercial Products, Applications, and Perspectives

The ambitious targets set by the International Maritime Organization for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from shipping require radical actions all relevant stakeholders. In this context, interest in high efficiency and low (even zero case of hydrogen) fuel cell technology maritime applications has been rising during last decade, pushing research developed academia industries. This paper aims to present a comparative review systems suitable field, focusing on PEMFC SOFC technologies. choice is due spread these types concerning other ones field. following issues are analyzed detail: (i) main characteristics systems; (ii) available suppliers; (iii) international policies cells onboard ships; (iv) past ongoing projects at level that aim assess industry; (v) possibility apply different ship types. be reference guide state both limitations developing potential applications.